Today the 12bet官方 研究所 released the first analysis since the 1980s of American’s tax refunds by income and other demographic characteristics. 这项研究, 谁早申请，谁推迟医疗保健:从1的见解.200万退税, also includes a first-ever analysis of the impact of tax refunds on healthcare spending for different income and other demographic groups. The research finds Americans in all income groups who were owed larger refunds filed their taxes earlier, and those who filed their taxes earlier also spent more of their annual tax refund on healthcare services they had been deferring.

最早的过滤器, 那些在二月份收到退款的人, responded more sharply to the tax refund with a 38 percent increase in healthcare spending over 76 days, compared to a 22 percent increase for those who 收到了 refunds in March and an 11 percent increase for those who 收到了 refunds in April or May. 最早的申请者之一, 64 percent of their healthcare spending response to the refund went to deferred healthcare services (spending represented by payments that were made in-person at healthcare providers), 相比之下，最新申报者持有的账户只有55%多一点. Almost all of the remaining healthcare spending response in all groups went to paying deferred medical bills; only a tiny fraction went to paying for healthcare goods that could be stockpiled.

"It’s increasingly clear that families are using their tax refunds as a zero-interest savings vehicle. 如果消费者在一年中的其他时间有健康需求, 他们可能不得不推迟治疗，直到在纳税期间收到现金,” Diana Farrell，12bet官方研究所总裁兼首席执行官. "These consumers would benefit from alternative savings vehicles or a more flexible refund system so they can access savings for healthcare whenever they need it."

这份新报告的主要内容包括:

• Even within each income or age group, those who are owed larger refunds tend to file earlier.
  • 在那些被拖欠退税的报税人当中, 收入较低和较年轻的人报税时间较早, 也许是因为他们更需要现金注入. 另外, a larger fraction of refunds paid to lower-income filers may be driven by refundable tax credits, like the Earned-Income Tax Credit–money that is not available to them except through a tax refund.
• 医疗支出从之前的申报者账户中扣除, 年轻的人, 女性, 而低收入人群对退税的反应增加的比例最大.
  • 最早的过滤器 (那些在二月份收到退款的人) responded with a 38 percent increase in healthcare spending following a tax refund, compared to a 22 percent increase for those who 收到了 refunds in March and 11 percent for those who 收到了 refunds in April or May.
• 无论收入如何, those who filed earlier in the season put a larger fraction of their refund toward deferred healthcare spending.
  • 那些最早申报退税的人, 在二月份收到退款, 将64%的支出用于支付延期医疗费用, 相比之下，最晚申请的只有55%. 在两组中, almost all of the remaining spending response went to paying bills with service providers; only a tiny fraction went to paying for drugs or other supplies that could be stockpiled.
• Deferred care represented a larger fraction of the healthcare spending response for early filers, 女性, 低收入账户持有人.
  • 65%的回复来自女性持有的账户，代表了延迟护理, 相比之下，男性持有的账户只有57%.
  • Sixty-nine percent of the response from account holders in the lowest income quintile represented deferred care, 相比之下，收入最高的五分之一家庭的这一比例为54%.
• Cash flow dynamics affect the timing of out-of-pocket healthcare payments even among higher-income groups.

鉴于医疗支出和退税之间的巨大联系, policymakers could consider possible changes making it easier for consumers to access funds throughout the year for healthcare. 可能的解决方案包括:

• 定期退税付款，减少延迟的照顾以外的退税季节.
• 增加可获得一次性付款时间的灵活性. Fixing one of the largest cash flow events of the year to only happen between mid-February and mid-May) virtually guarantees that some Americans will have to defer care.
• Alternative savings vehicles—such as employer-based sidecar accounts—that share some features of tax withholding (including built-in commitment and “set-it-and-forget-it” transparency for the consumer) but that give consumers more direct control over timing.

2018年1月，12bet官方研究所 公布新发现 identifying a 60 percent increase in deferred healthcare spending during the week a tax refund arrives in checking accounts.

The report found the overall level of healthcare spending is 60 percent higher in the week after receiving a tax refund payment than in a typical week over the 100 days before. 在收到退税后的一周内, 借记卡支付的医疗费用增加了83%, while there was no offsetting change to credit card spending—suggesting the cash infusion provided by the tax refund was a major determining factor driving changes in healthcare spending behavior. 此外, 62 percent of the additional healthcare spending triggered by the tax refund was paid in person at healthcare providers. 这意味着现金流动态影响的不仅仅是消费者 支付 医疗保健也是当他们 收到了 it.

这些报告利用了1个国家的日常医疗保健支出数据.200万支票账户持有人 12bet官方研究所医疗保健自付支出小组(JPMCI HOSP) 谁在2016年获得了退税. HOSP数据资产于2017年9月首次构建. 资产遵循2的样本.3 million de-identified regular 追逐 customers aged 18 to 64 from January 2013 until December 2016. The 研究所 defined out-of-pocket healthcare spending as any observed payments to healthcare providers and drugstores, 包括共同支付, 共同保险, 免赔额和其他服务点医疗, 牙科, 或者毒品消费.

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